Old Course in St Andrews

Oldest in Scotland

The Old Course at St Andrews is one of the oldest golf courses in the world, and the oldest in Scotland. The Old Course is a public course over common land and is held in trust by The St. Andrews Links Trust under an act of Parliment. The Royal and Ancent golf Club of St Andrews (R&A) club house sits adjacent to the first tee and many people think that they own the course, but they are just one of many clubs that have playing privileges on the course, along with the general public.

There is no real knowledge of when golf was first played over the grounds that now constitute the Old Course. The earliest written evidence is a license issued in 1552, which permitted the community to rear rabbits on the links and "play at golf, futball, schuteing ... with all other manner of pastimes." The course evolved without the help of any true architect for many years. Originally, it was played over the same set of fairways out and back to the same holes. As interest in the game increased, the whins were cut back to allow for two fairways. All the greens were also increased in size and two holes were cut.

One of the unique features of the Old Course is the huge double greens. Seven greens are shared by two holes each. Only the 1st, 9th, 17th and 18th holes have their own greens. Another unique feature is that the course can be played in either direction, clockwise or anti-clockwise. The general method of play today is anti-clockwise, although clockwise play has been permitted on one day each year for the past few years. Originally, the course was reversed every week in order to let the grass recover better. One other unusual thing about the Old Course is that it is closed on Sundays to let the course rest. On Sundays the course turns into a park for all the townspeople who come out to stroll, picnic and otherwise enjoy the grounds. As a general rule, Sunday play is allowed on the course on only two occasions:

• The final day of the Dunhill Links Championship, an annual event on the European Tour.
• The final day of The Open Championship when it is held at the Old Course; this happens roughly once every five years. While winning the Open is a crowning achievement for any golfer, a win at St. Andrews is considered particularly important due to the course's long tradition. Past winners at St. Andrews include Tiger Woods (twice), John Daly, Nick Faldo, Steve Ballesteros, Jack Nicklaus (thrice), Tony Lema, kel Nagle, Bobby Locke, peter Thompson, Sam Snead, Richard Burton, Denny Shute, Bobby Jones, Jock Hutchison, James Braid (twice), John Henry Taylor(twice), Hugh Kirkaldy, Jack Burns, Bob Martin (twice), Jamie Anderson and Tom Kidd.

Sunday play may also occur when the Old Course hosts other major events; for example, it will host the Women's British Open in 2007. 

The Old Course had 22 holes, but as play increased the first and last few holes were combined to leave 18 holes. Over time, this became the standard number for courses all over the world. In 2005 the Old Course was ranked as the greatest golf course in the rest of the world, ie. outside the United States, by Golf Digest. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_%26_Ancient_Golf_Club_of_St_Andrews

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